However, the Center does not count itself as and is not perceived to be a think tank in the contemporary sense. Around 1958, the first organization to be regularly described in published writings as "the Think Tank" (note the capitalization and the use of the definite article) was the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. From its first appearances in the 1890s up to the 1950s, the phrase was most commonly used in American English to colloquially and pejoratively refer to the human brain itself when commenting on an individual's failings (in the sense that something was wrong with that person's "think tank"). During the Second World War, think tanks were often referred to as "brain boxes" after the slang term for skull.īefore the 1950s, the phrase "think tank" did not refer to organizations. Until the 1940s, most think tanks were known only by the name of the institution. Brookings and was conceived as a bipartisan "research center modeled on academic institutions and focused on addressing the questions of the federal government." Īfter 1945, the number of policy institutes increased, with many small new ones forming to express various issues and policy agendas. Carnegie charged trustees to use the fund to "hasten the abolition of international war, the foulest blot upon our civilization." The Brookings Institution was founded shortly thereafter in 1916 by Robert S. The oldest American think tank, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, was founded in Washington, D.C., in 1910 by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. For instance, the Royal United Services Institute was founded in 1831 in London, and the Fabian Society in 1884. Several major current think tanks were founded in the 19th century. A tradition of hiring teams of independent lawyers to advise monarchs about their financial and political prerogatives against the church spans from Charlemagne all the way to the 17th century, when the kings of France were still arguing about whether they had the right to appoint bishops and receive a cut of their income." He also writes, independent "research teams became common in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, when states often depended on independent scholars and their expertise."
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